17. The Role of CFD Simulation in Modern Axial Fan Development The design and optimization of modern 110v axial fans ac fans have been revolutionized by the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)[5]. Where fan design was once a laborious process of iterative physical prototyping and wind tunnel testing, CFD allows engineers to digitally model and simulate the complex, three-dimensional flow of air across the fan blades with extraordinary precision[5][15]. A CFD simulation utilizes complex Navier-Stokes equations to analyze various aerodynamic parameters, including the pressure distribution on the blade surface, the development of turbulent wakes, flow separation (stall), and the formation of tip-leakage vortices[15][16]. Engineers can use this virtual testing ground to rapidly evaluate the impact of minute changes to the blade geometry—such as modifying the aerofoil profile, optimizing the blade twist, or adjusting the leading-edge sweep[15].